Scoliosis is characterized by an abnormal curvature of the spine, either to the right or left side. This spinal curvature typically manifests during adolescence and is assessed using the Cobb angle. The degree and direction of the spinal curvature vary among individuals, and in certain instances, it may not be readily apparent externally. 

Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis- AIS  

• The cause is uncertain. 
• Absence of pain 
• Primarily mild 
• Gender: more prevalent in female children. 
• 80% of cases involve teenagers. 
• Adolescent scoliosis, typically identified during puberty, is the most prevalent form.  

Classification of age for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis:  

• Infants: 0-3 years 1%, 60% boys 
• Childhood: 4-10 years, 10-15% 
• Adolescence: 11-17 years old 

Symptoms: 

• Shoulder asymmetry 
• One scapula more pronounced than the other 

• More prominent costal margin on one side 
• Discrepant waist levels 
• Greater space between arms and body on one side 
• Irregular spinal curvature 
• Hips unevenly positioned 
• Pelvic tilt on one side 
• Observable lump on one side of the back when bending forward 

The measurement of the Cobb angle determines the extent of spinal curvature.  

Medical assessment or determination:  

• The rehabilitation doctor and the physical therapist will conduct the physical examination. 
• Specialized assessments for identifying spinal curvature: Adam test, scoliometer line 
• Radiographic examination (X-ray) 

Treatment:  

• Physiotherapy: 1 to 6 months, with a potential for long-term involvement: 

Exercises to rectify improper body posture, strengthen back and lower limb muscles, perform stretching exercises, engage in breathing exercises, and conduct balance exercises. Additionally, guidance on home exercises and providing advice and information to parents and guardians. 

• Bracing: Recommended when the Cobb’s angle exceeds 20 degrees. 
• Kinesio tape: Aiding pain reduction, supporting movement, and promoting muscle activity. 
• Prevention: Regular examinations by a school doctor, preventive check-ups, health education, practicing proper sitting habits, and avoiding carrying heavy bags. 
• Electrotherapy 
• Drug therapy 
• Surgical intervention 

Physiotherapist: B.Tsenguun